{"id":214,"date":"2017-01-15T23:36:18","date_gmt":"2017-01-15T20:36:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/?p=214"},"modified":"2025-08-14T14:45:38","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T11:45:38","slug":"waardenburg-syndrome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/syndromes\/waardenburg-syndrome\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Waardenburg Syndrome<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"clip_image002[4]\"<\/a>\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00a0 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c (Dr. Petrus Johannes Waardenburg)\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a (1886-1979) . \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u0647\u0648\u0641 (Van der Hoeve)\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1913\u00a0 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 .\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Klein)\u0639\u0627\u0645 1947\u00a0\u00a0 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f.\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0647 (Shah) \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0634\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062c(Hirschsprung disease).\u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c \u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 20000-40000 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 3% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629.\u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b.\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 50% \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629(\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"clip_image004[4]\"<\/a> \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646.\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639. \u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 25% \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641.\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633.\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633 3 (PAX3)\u0641\u064a 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 2.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06451992 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629
\ncongenital sensorineural hearing loss<\/strong><\/td>\n		 \u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 Congenital leucoderma<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646
\nPigmentary disturbances of the iris<\/strong><\/td>\n		\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641
\nMedial Eyebrow Flare\u00a0 &\u00a0\u00a0 Synophrys<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 Hair hypopigmentation<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u00a0 High &Narrow Nasal Root<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c
\nAffected first-degree relative<\/strong><\/td>\n		\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u00a0 Hypoplasia of Alae Nasi<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0639
\nDystopia canthorum<\/strong><\/td>\n		\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631(\u0642\u0628\u0644 30 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631)\u00a0\u00a0 Graying Premature<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\n\n\n
\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1,95 \u0641\u0627\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f. \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648:\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 :<\/strong>
\n a=\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a
\nb=\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a
\nc=\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

X = (2a – 0.2119c – 3.909) \/ c
\nY = (2a – 0.2479b \u2013 3.909) \/ b
\nW = X + Y + a\/b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"clip_image006[4]\"<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 (dystopia canthorum).\u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636.\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639.\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 3 \u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640 (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene) \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a 15% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n57-58%<\/strong><\/td>\n77-78%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636<\/strong><\/td>\n15-31%<\/strong><\/td>\n42-54%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n15-18%<\/strong><\/td>\n3-23%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n43-48%<\/strong><\/td>\n16-23%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n23-38%<\/strong><\/td>\n14-30%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n30-36%<\/strong><\/td>\n5-12%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n52-100%<\/strong><\/td>\n0-14%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n63-70%<\/strong><\/td>\n7%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"clip_image008[4]\"<\/a><\/strong>
\n \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c\u00a0 (Klein-Waardenburg syndrome). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644(PAX3) \u0648 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636\u00a0 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0634\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0642(Hirschsprung disease) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642. \u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u00a0 (Waardenburg-Shah syndrome). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 3 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a : \u062c\u064a\u0646 Endothelin-3 \u0648 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u00a0 Endothelin Receptor B\u00a0 \u0648 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u00a0 SOX10 .<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 : \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c Waardenburg Syndrome   \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00a0 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c (Dr. Petrus Johannes Waardenburg)\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a (1886-1979) . \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u0647\u0648\u0641 (Van der Hoeve)\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1913\u00a0 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,4],"tags":[125,19,20,15,31,43,40,23,42,41,18,29,14,30,39,37,24,34,12,21,16,38,32,48,45,33,46,17,25,36,22,50,11,47,44,28,35,27,49,13,124,26],"class_list":["post-214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-deafness","category-syndromes","tag-waardenburg","tag-19","tag-20","tag-15","tag-31","tag-43","tag-40","tag-23","tag-42","tag-41","tag-18","tag-29","tag-14","tag-30","tag-39","tag-37","tag-24","tag-34","tag-12","tag-21","tag-16","tag-38","tag-32","tag-48","tag-45","tag-33","tag-46","tag-17","tag-25","tag-36","tag-22","tag-50","tag-11","tag-47","tag-44","tag-28","tag-35","tag-27","tag-49","tag-13","tag-124","tag-26"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=214"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":866,"href":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214\/revisions\/866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/werathah.com\/birth-defects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}